Sumerian tablet Translations: Enlil and Ninlil 2/2

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Translated by: Behrens 1978: composite text, score transliteration, translation, photograph, handcopy, commentary, Bottéro and Kramer 1989, p. 105-115: translation, commentary, Cooper 1980: translation, commentary, Geller 1980: commentary, Green 1982: commentary, Hall 1985, p. 524-526: commentary, Heimerdinger 1979, 1, 37: handcopy (new mss.), Jacobsen 1987, p. 167-180: translation, commentary, Röllig 1981: commentary, Römer 1993a, p. 421-434: translation, commentary, Civil 1989g: composite text, Krecher 1996a: composite text, translation. Cuneiform sources BM 38600 (JRAS 1919 190f.) bil. CBS 8176 + CBS 8215 + CBS 13853 (SEM 77) + Ni 2707 (SLTN 19) CBS 9205 (MBI 4; photo HAV pl. 11f.; Kramer SM pl. 11) CBS 10309 + CBS 10412 (+?) CBS 10322, N 1314, N 1747, N 1774, N 2243, N 3038, N 4108, Ni 4533 (ISET 1 105), Ni 4565 (ISET 2 1), Ni 9639 (ISET 2 1), UM 29-13-574, UM 29-15-611, 3N-T294 = A 30202, 3N-T350 = IM 58439 + 3N-T419 = IM 58470 + 3N-T420 = IM 58471 + 3N-T901,34, 3N-T917,380 3N-T921s = A 33536 When Enlil was a young god, he was banished from Dilmun, home of the gods, to Kur, the underworld for raping a girl named Ninlil. Ninlil followed him to the underworld where she bore his first child, the moon god Sin (Sumerian Nanna/Suen). After fathering three more underworld deities (subtitutes for Sin), Enlil was allowed to return to Dilmun. Enlil was also known as the inventor of the pickaxe/hoe (favorite tool of the Sumerians) and caused plants to grow. Enlil (EN = Lord + LIL = Loft, "Lord of the Open" or "Lord of the Wind") was the name of a chief deity listed and written about in ancient Sumerian, Akkadian, Hittite, Canaanite and other Mesopotamian clay and stone tablets. The name is perhaps pronounced and sometimes rendered in translations as Ellil in later Akkadian, Hittite, and Canaanite literature. Enlil was considered to be the god of breath, wind, loft, and breadth. Cosmological role Enlil, along with Anu/An, Enki and Ninhursag were gods of the Sumerians. By his wife Ninlil or Sud, Enlil was father of the moon god Nanna/Suen (in Akkadian, Sin) and of Ninurta (also called Ningirsu). Enlil is sometimes father of Nergal, of Nisaba the goddess of grain, of Pabilsag who is sometimes equated with Ninurta, and sometimes of Enbilulu. By Ereshkigal Enlil was father of Namtar. Cultural histories Enlil is associated with the ancient city of Nippur, sometimes referred to as the cult city of Enlil. At a very early period prior to 3000 BC, Nippur had become the centre of a political district of considerable extent. Inscriptions found at Nippur, where extensive excavations were carried on during 18881900 by John P Peters and John Henry Haynes, under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania, show that Enlil was the head of an extensive pantheon. Among the titles accorded to him are "king of lands", "king of heaven and earth", and "father of the gods". His chief temple at Nippur was known as Ekur, signifying 'House of the mountain', and such was the sanctity acquired by this edifice that Babylonian and Assyrian rulers, down to the latest days, vied with one another in embellishing and restoring Enlil's seat of worship, and the name Ekur became the designation of a temple in general. Grouped around the main sanctuary, there arose temples and chapels to the gods and goddesses who formed his court, so that Ekur became the name for an entire sacred precinct in the city of Nippur. The name "mountain house" suggests a lofty structure and was perhaps the designation originally of the staged tower at Nippur, built in imitation of a mountain, with the sacred shrine of the god on the top.Enlil was also the God of weather. According to the Sumerians, Enlil helped create the humans, but then got tired of their noise and tried to kill them by sending a flood. A mortal known as Utanapistim survived the flood, and he was made immortal by Enlil. Peace

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